Chpt 56, pgs 1187-1194) Terminology: paramecium/paramecia (look at online site such as Wikipedia) stable coexistence vs. competitive exclusion competitive exclusion principle (you may be asked to state it – It is best to memorize it) … •The competitive exclusion principle: two species with similar needs for the same limiting resources cannot coexist in the same place. Four possible scenarios may result from interspecific competition of two species and the outcome depends on how the two isoclines are in relation to one another. This is often the case in lower density populations. Scenario 1 ( Figure 5 ). RESULTS of INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION Usually leads to one of three possible evolutionary outcomes:- • Range restriction--each species is confined to a subset of the range where it is able to out-compete the other species. STUDY GUIDE: LECTURE 6 INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION: PART II – POSSIBLE OUTCOMES Text reading: Same as for Lct 5 (Raven Biology, 10 th or 11 th ed. One possible explanation is differential susceptibility to natural enemies introduced for biological control. Two such models are the Lotka-Volterra model of competition and the Tillman’s model of competition, describing the influence of exploitative competition … •There is potential for competition between any two species that need the same limited resource. Interspecific competition can be studied using mathematical models that have been specifically developed for the purpose by ecologists. •Interspecific competition for resources can occur when resources are in short supply. Competition among species, or interspecific competition, can have an even greater effect on selection than competition within species (intraspecific competition). Interspecific competition is the basis of the competitive exclusion principle, which states that two different species cannot occupy the same niche in the same place for very long. One possible outcome of intraspecific competition is that superior competitors will have greater fitness than lesser competitors will. B) Explain the difference between the two forms you identified in above (A) - i.e. The two isoclines do not cross and the isocline of population X 1 is above that of X 2 . 5. • Competition. An alternative explanation for the reduced abundance of P. semipunctata is asymmetric interspecific competition between the two species. This can lead to one of two possible outcomes. This is of two types: (i) Interspecific competition occurs between the individuals of the same species and their requirements are common and, (ii) Interspecific competition occurs between individuals of two different species occurring in a habitat. To test this hypothesis, equal larval densities of each species were introduced into host logs. Generally the intraspecific competition is more intense than interspecific competition. 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