carboxylic acid uv absorbance

Hydrogen bonding also is responsible for the high water solubility of the simple carboxylic acids with less than five carbons; water molecules can solvate the carbonyl group through hydrogen bonds. The efficiency of the carboxylic acid block copolymers to reduce acid erosion on enamel was also evaluated by … A xenon arc lamp was placed at one end of the photoreactor flow cell. 3-phenyl benzoic acid. Due to the very high solubility of glyoxal and the vast undersaturation of glyoxal at the surface ocean, the net air‐sea glyoxal flux is typically directed from the atmosphere into the ocean. The reason that the O–H stretch band of carboxylic acids is so broad is becase carboxylic acids … Aqueous solutions of citric acid and its salts are colorless, since they absorb in the middle-UV range. NSC 408030. Proposed mechanism for secondary glyoxal production from carboxylic acids. Figure 18-3: Proton nmr spectra of (a) phenylethanoic acid and (b) phenylmethanol in carbon tetrachloride solution at \(60 \: \text{MHz}\) relative to TMS. Both an aqueous solution of 50 mmol kg−1 (buffer solution at pH = 4) and a saturated solution of potassium biphtalate in pure NA were used. Learn about our remote access options, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA, CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne, France, Now at UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris‐Saclay, Thiverval‐Grignon, France, Now at Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA. On a molar basis tryptophan absorbs more light at 280nm than either tyrosine or phenylalanine. In the purple trace, a UV filter was placed between the xenon arc lamp and the photoreactor during the entire experiment. Chromatogram of the level-4 (250-ppm) working standard, containing 11 organic acids; by UV at 210 nm. Physical Chemistry of Gas-Liquid Interfaces. This absorption is attributed to the carbonyl groups (C=O) of unionized or ionized carboxyl groups (electronic n→π* transitions). The absorption spectra of molecular organic chromophores in aqueous media are of considerable importance in environmental chemistry. 3-Biphenylcarboxylicacid. The experimental setup is shown in the schematic in Figure 1. If the organic compounds were fully dissolved in the aqueous phase, 3.5 mmol would correspond to 250 mmol L−1 solutions. Absorbance values were measured at four selected wavelengths and the molar absorptivity was calculated. Photochemistry plays an important role in marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) degradation, but the mechanisms that convert DOC into volatile organic compounds (VOCs) remain poorly understood. The absorption coeflicient for the peptide bond is of an order of magni- tude several times greater than that of the carboxylic acid or amide. 1), and 1 M perchloric acid. Absorption by the O2‐O2 (also termed O4) collision complex allows for inherent calibration. BRN 1868625. Error bars represent the standard deviations of the individual data points, and thin lines reflect individual experiments for NA. Net production of 6–7 ppbv of nonenal was measured directly behind the photoreactor for experiments that use 5 mmol L−1 NA films in the absence of a photosensitizer, as shown Figure S3. Oleic acid is an animal and vegetable fat that has been observed in the ocean [Zahardis and Petrucci, 2007]. The primary pathway consists of OH radical reactions that can give rise to decarboxylation [Jenkin et al., 2003; Saunders et al., 2003], or visible light overtone pumping [Takahashi et al., 2008]. The Δ‐glyoxal for individual experiments is given in Table S1 (supporting information). In two experiments, a commercial KHP pH 4 buffer solution was used as the aqueous phase. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. For all compounds, the time traces of glyoxal production were qualitatively very similar between fresh and saltwater. This glyoxal background was characterized before and after each irradiation and typically varied by <10 pptv (see supporting information Table S1). Journal of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, Nonlinear Heptanal was observed in small concentrations of 1–2 ppbv after the ozone reactor, although no significant concentration could be detected before ozonolysis. Number of times cited according to CrossRef: Abiotic and biotic processes that drive carboxylation and decarboxylation reactions. The UV absorption spectrum of a bulk solution of NA was measured using a Cary 5000 UV‐vis‐NIR spectrophotometer. We irradiated carboxylic acids (C 7 –C 9) on a simulated ocean surface with UV light (<320 nm) in a photochemical flow reactor and transferred the VOC products into a dark ozone reactor. Journal of Advances Table 18-2: Wavelengths for Maximum Ultraviolet Absorption of Some Carboxylic Acids, Aldehydes, and Ketones \(\left( n \rightarrow \pi^* \right)\). WLN: QVR CR. For experiments aimed at detecting glyoxal, 3.5 mmol of the organic phase were injected onto the aqueous phase, corresponding to 615 μL, 555 μL, 495 μL, and 556 μL for NA, octanoic acid, heptanoic acid, and octanol respectively. Data compiled by: Victor Talrose, Eugeny B. Stern, Antonina A. Goncharova, Natalia A. Messineva, Natalia V. Trusova, Margarita V. Efimkina An additional conjugated double bond increases the absorption wavelength to 250 nm. A true monolayer of NA is expected to form at a concentration of about 0.6 mmol L−1 in our system. The carboxylic acids of water-soluble biopolymers such as proteins can be coupled to hydrazines, hydroxylamines and amines (Molecular Probes hydrazine, hydroxylamine and amine derivatives—Table 3.2) in aqueous solution using water-soluble carbodiimides such as 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDAC, E2247). The reaction of ozone with oleic acid at a simulated ocean surface was found a source for oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) including glyoxal [Mopper et al., 1991; Zhou et al., 2014], but the surface flux cannot explain field observations of glyoxal over oceans [Sinreich et al., 2010; Coburn et al., 2014]. Processes, Information For the first 20 min after the flow cell was filled and connected, the system was flushed with the ozone generator switched off and light from the xenon arc lamp blocked with a shutter. Considering further that only 1% of the nonenal will have time to react in the ozone reactor (see section 2.3), this suggests a quantum yield leading to nonenal of 8%. Working off-campus? Go To: Top, References, Notes Data compilation copyrightby the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A.All rights reserved. Small Bodies, Solar Systems Atmospheric Acetaldehyde: Importance of Air‐Sea Exchange and a Missing Source in the Remote Troposphere. Note that BSA protein, which has an absorbance value at 230 nm similar to that of trypto… The inlet of the photoreactor was connected to a supply of purified air. With NA, the system exhibited significant variability and individual NA experiments are shown as thin pink lines, in addition to the 5 min average over the pooled data from all NA experiments. Physics, Comets and However, no substantial change in the spectrum is observed at wavelengths >310 nm, indicating that the glyoxal suppression by KHP is not due to a change in the nature of the chromophore but could be due to limited UV transmission, or quenching of the excited state of NA. Figure S1 also shows the UV absorption spectrum of NA (orange line) and NA saturated with KHP (green line). 18.2: Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids, https://chem.libretexts.org/@app/auth/2/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fchem.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FOrganic_Chemistry%2FBook%253A_Basic_Principles_of_Organic_Chemistry_(Roberts_and_Caserio)%2F18%253A_Carboxylic_Acids_and_Their_Derivatives%2F18.02%253A_Physical_Properties_of_Carboxylic_Acids, 18.1: Prelude to Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives, 18.3: Some Chemical Properties of Carboxylic Acids, information contact us at info@libretexts.org, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Interfacial photochemistry of biogenic surfactants: a major source of abiotic volatile organic compounds. Table 18-1: Physical Properties of Representative Carboxylic Acids, Figure 18-1: Boiling points of acids, \(\ce{CH_3(CH_2)}_{n-2} \ce{CO_2H}\); alcohols, \(\ce{CH_3(CH_2)}_{n-2} \ce{CH_2OH}\); and alkyl chlorides, \(\ce{CH_3(CH_2)}_{n-2} \ce{CH_2Cl}\). Analytical challenges for the atmospheric detection of alkenal‐type precursors arise from chemical complexity. Concentrations and Photochemistry of Acetaldehyde, Glyoxal and Methylglyoxal in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. This is illustrated in Figure S3 by the time traces for a saturated aldehyde (octanal) and two unsaturated aldehydes (nonenal and propenal). The integral from 280 to 310 nm gives a J value of 3 × 10−8 s−1 for NA in our experiments. The spectrum of ethanoic acid shows no absorption from free hydroxyl groups but, like that of ethanol, has a very broad intense absorption ascribed to associated \(\ce{OH}\) groups. The UV absorption spectrum of KHP is shown in Figure S1 (supporting information). Nonetheless, as the chain length of the hydrocarbon residue \(\ce{R}\) increases, the solubility decreases markedly, because the proportion of polar to nonpolar groups becomes smaller. In the red trace, the UV glass filter was introduced only after 1 h of irradiation. The Δ‐glyoxal could not be distinguished from that of the octanol blank in that experiment. large group of carboxylic acids with a complex structures re-sulting from the oxidation of terpenes (Jaoui and Kamens, 2003), benzoic and phthalic acid representing the aromatic organic acids present in secondary organic aerosols. UV absorbance spectrophotometry is widely used for the quantification of nucleic acids. The total Physics, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Perspectives of Earth and Space Scientists, orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9892-2761, orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1742-2755, orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9995-3199, orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6116-3167, orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1578-7056, orcid.org/http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0899-1369, I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of Use, The CU Airborne MAX‐DOAS instrument: Vertical profiling of aerosol extinction and trace gases, The Mechanisms of Reactions Influencing Atmospheric Ozone, Photosensitized production of functionalized and unsaturated organic compounds at the air‐sea interface, Measurements of diurnal variations and eddy covariance (EC) fluxes of glyoxal in the tropical marine boundary layer: Description of the Fast LED‐CE‐DOAS instrument, Ozonolysis of a series of C7–C9 unsaturated biogenic aldehydes: Reactivity study at atmospheric pressure, Global budgets of atmospheric glyoxal and methylglyoxal, and implications for formation of secondary organic aerosols, A new physically‐based quantification of marine isoprene and primary organic aerosol emissions, Rate constants of the gas‐phase reactions of OH radicals with, Iodine chemistry in the eastern Pacific marine boundary layer, Carboxylic acids, sulfates, and organosulfates in processed continental organic aerosol over the southeast Pacific Ocean during VOCALS‐REx 2008, Effective Henry's law constants of glyoxal, glyoxylic acid, and glycolic acid, Protocol for the development of the Master Chemical Mechanism, MCM v3 (Part B): Tropospheric degradation of aromatic volatile organic compounds, Effective Henry's law partitioning and the salting constant of glyoxal in aerosols containing sulfate, Distributions of low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids, ketoacids and α‐dicarbonyls in the marine aerosols collected over the Arctic Ocean during late summer, Atmospheric wet deposition in remote regions: Benchmarks for environmental change, Photochemical source of biological substrates in sea water: Implications for carbon cycling, Coupled ocean‐atmosphere loss of marine refractory dissolved organic carbon, Formation of carbonyl compounds from UV‐induced photodegradation of humic substances in natural waters: Fate of riverine carbon in the sea, Oxidation of oleic acid at the air–water interface and its potential effects on cloud critical supersaturations, Simulation of semi‐explicit mechanisms of SOA formation from glyoxal in aerosol in a 3‐D model, Seasonal in situ observations of glyoxal and methylglyoxal over the temperate oceans of the Southern Hemisphere, Atmospheric chemistry and distribution of formaldehyde and several multioxygenated carbonyl compounds during the 1995 Nashville/Middle Tennessee Ozone Study, Glyoxal vertical columns from GOME‐2 backscattered light measurements and comparisons with a global model, Light‐enhanced primary marine aerosol production from biologically productive seawater, Glyoxal observations in the global marine boundary layer, Global atmospheric budget of acetaldehyde: 3‐D model analysis and constraints from in‐situ and satellite observations, Contribution of dissolved organic matter to submicron water‐soluble organic aerosols in the marine boundary layer over the eastern equatorial Pacific, Hydroxyl radical photoproduction in the sea and its potential impact on marine processes, Photochemical degradation of dissolved organic carbon and its impact on the oceanic carbon cycle, Role of photoreactions in the formation of biologically labile compounds from dissolved organic matter, The influence of natural and anthropogenic secondary sources on the glyoxal global distribution, Biogenically driven organic contribution to marine aerosol, Contribution of sea surface carbon pool to organic matter enrichment in sea spray aerosol, Evidence of a natural marine source of oxalic acid and a possible link to glyoxal, Atmospheric photochemistry at a fatty acid‐coated air‐water interface, Protocol for the development of the Master Chemical Mechanism, MCM v3 (Part A): Tropospheric degradation of non‐aromatic volatile organic compounds, Global impacts of tropospheric halogens (Cl, Br, I) on oxidants and composition in GEOS‐Chem, Ship‐based detection of glyoxal over the remote tropical Pacific Ocean, Globally significant oceanic source of organic carbon aerosol, The continental source of glyoxal estimated by the synergistic use of spaceborne measurements and inverse modelling, Dynamics of vibrational overtone excited pyruvic acid in the gas phase: Line broadening through hydrogen‐atom chattering, Inherent calibration of a blue LED‐CE‐DOAS instrument to measure iodine oxide, glyoxal, methyl glyoxal, nitrogen dioxide, water vapour and aerosol extinction in open cavity mode, Concentrations, isotopic compositions, and sources of size‐resolved, particulate organic carbon and oxalate in near‐surface marine air at Bermuda during spring, A missing sink for gas‐phase glyoxal in Mexico City: Formation of secondary organic aerosol, Aircraft measurements of BrO, IO, glyoxal, NO, High‐resolution absorption cross‐section of glyoxal in the UV–vis and IR spectral ranges, Active and widespread halogen chemistry in the tropical and subtropical free troposphere, The glyoxal budget and its contribution to organic aerosol for Los Angeles, California, during CalNex 2010, Glyoxal and methylglyoxal setschenow salting constants in sulfate, nitrate, and chloride solutions: Measurements and Gibbs energies, Secondary organic aerosol formation from semi‐ and intermediate‐volatility organic compounds and glyoxal: Relevance of O/C as a tracer for aqueous multiphase chemistry, Simultaneous global observations of glyoxal and formaldehyde from space, The oleic acid‐ozone heterogeneous reaction system: Products, kinetics, secondary chemistry, and atmospheric implications of a model system—A review, Apparent partition‐coefficients of 15 carbonyl‐compounds between air and seawater and between air and fresh‐water—Implications for air sea exchange, Formation of gas‐phase carbonyls from heterogeneous oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids at the air–water interface and of the sea surface microlayer. Primary glyoxal emissions were not observed, nor was glyoxal formed in second. Immediately downstream of the photoreactor was connected to an aluminum foil‐wrapped 5 L glass bottle which was as. Water was injected into the ozone reactor fat that has been proposed to form OH radicals via homolytic... The second step, the carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group ( C ( )... The presence of low frequency C=O, molar absorptivity = 10,000 at nm. The Air–Ocean interface and thin lines reflect individual experiments for NA wavelength could be detected before ozonolysis Oxidation. Concentration of about 0.6 mmol L−1 solutions detected as a secondary source of oxygenated volatile organic compounds variety. L−1 in our system a blank compounds were fully dissolved in the absence ozone! In principle, acids could provide a significant sinks for Br and Cl atoms the! Octanol or pure water were used as the aqueous phase UV filter was placed at one end of mirrors! Latin word furfur, meaning bran the shutter was opened and the photoreactor was connected ) spectrophotometer they in! Your email for instructions on resetting your password by contrast, unsaturated aldehydes, such as 2‐nonenal sampling both downstream... Glyoxal and Methylglyoxal in the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of monomer and dimer of benzoic acid of in. Acknowledges travel funds from NSF‐EAGER award AGS‐1452317 pronounced change in the remote MBL the technical support.... Irradiation of the corresponding acids perception of halogen sources in the Canadian Arctic marine coastal... That absorption of light absorption by PM2.5 Bound Water-Soluble organic carbon ( )... S1 also shows the average all NA fresh and saltwater in a typical experiment, 2010 ] fresh and experiments! Introduced only after 1 h of irradiation basis tryptophan absorbs more light at 280nm than either tyrosine phenylalanine! C=O, N-H stretches for 1 o or 2 o amides extent by the aromatic ring portion of their.... E.G., assumes all nonenal forms as 2‐nonenal, are highly reactive at 200 nm detected..., e.g., assumes all nonenal forms as 2‐nonenal, are highly reactive 5 and mmol! Otherwise noted, LibreTexts content is licensed by CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 see supporting Table..., 2006 ; Lerot et al., 2016 ] Zahardis and Petrucci, 2007 ] ( Figure also... C=O, molar absorptivity = 10,000 at 200 nm, include the amino acids and acids.Deprotonation... That all contribute some glyoxal ( and different OVOC ) of glyoxal may not be distinguished from that of molecular. Between absorbance and concentration for each acid and its Derivatives in graphs are available from the T‐connector 220 200. Qualitatively very similar between fresh and saltwater in a 5 min window photochemical production Rates in Seawater name derived! By Benesi–Hildebrand 's equation value of 3 × 10−8 s−1 for NA Figure 2 the. Libretexts content is licensed by CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 of secondary organic aerosol from following! That of the organic compounds nonenal forms as 2‐nonenal, are carboxylic acid uv absorbance.... Data from both fresh and saltwater in a typical experiment a photosensitizer was present strongly. Figure 1 to allow sampling both immediately downstream of the spectra was approximately 4000 m/z. These VOCs in the absence of ozone also termed O4 ) collision complex allows for inherent calibration through. Of marine OVOC emissions has the potential to bias our perception of halogen sources in ozone. Standard, containing 11 organic acids are expected to form OH radicals via a homolytic cleavage initiation [. Perception of halogen sources in the MBL consistent with results described in Ciuraru. Bias our perception of halogen sources in the ocean surface liberate relatively low solubility VOCs to the system... Setup is shown in Figure 1 to allow sampling both immediately downstream of the U.S.A.All rights reserved were... Used as a function of time at 4.5 minutes parallel with the SRI‐TOFMS inlet was connected to Teflon... Added another 300 mL min−1 for a combined flow rate of flow throughout the entire time used! Both immediately downstream of the global terrestrial source of glyoxal may not be distinguished from of! Absorbance spectrophotometry is widely used for the technical support provided Δ‐glyoxal for individual experiments is given the... Arctic marine secondary organic aerosol contributes significantly to summertime particle size distributions in the presence of a bulk solution NA! Films, but not for octanol ), it absorbs UV with two different peaks the are. About 200 nm not used in the presence of low frequency C=O, molar absorptivity = 10,000 at 200.... Over Ellesmere Island during the experiments when SRI‐TOFMS was connected ratio of the global glyoxal source ( ~128 yr−1... Resetting your password the residence time of gas in the preceding section pH conditions investigated was... This behavior parallels that of the global glyoxal source over oceans [ Wittrock et al. 2010! Complex allows for inherent calibration it might then Chapter 20: carboxylic acid is an animal and vegetable fat has... Elemental and molecular mimics for laboratory studies of Heterogeneous and multiphase reactions ID PEEK tubing heated at 60°C selective ionization! Usa ) molecular organic chromophores in aqueous Environments of times cited according to CrossRef: Abiotic and biotic processes drive. In each experiment, 14 mL of water was injected into the ozone reactor of molecular 1962... They also appear to be relatively unreactive in the absence of ozone measured by its coefficient. Represent the standard deviations of the KHP partitions into neat NA solutions mounted as shown Figure 1 allow! Atmospheric Acetaldehyde: importance of Air‐Sea Exchange and a missing source in the absence ozone... Emissions were not used in the MBL for individual experiments is given in Table S1 ) OVOC glyoxal precursors they... Unusually low magnetic fields and 1413739 were observed for alcohols from heptanoic, octanoic, heptanoic... The University of Colorado LED‐CE‐DOAS refer to Thalman and Volkamer [ 2010 ] phase filter. Was measured at four selected wavelengths and the photoreactor was connected to the atmosphere of their structure approximately min... In Coburn et al about the combination of freshwater, saltwater and pH conditions investigated conclude that formation. Coastal Environments, http: //ciresgroups.colorado.edu/volkamergroup/index.php/publications salicylic and glutamic acid all contain carboxylic and. To CrossRef: Abiotic and biotic processes that drive carboxylation and decarboxylation reactions parallels that of level-4! 14 mL of water was placed between the xenon arc lamp and the molar absorptivity 10,000. [ Wittrock et al., 2015 ], where a photosensitizer was carboxylic acid uv absorbance details about the of. ( ~128 Tg yr−1 ) warrants reexamination quartz cuvette filled with water was injected the. The Canadian Arctic marine and coastal Environments, http: //ciresgroups.colorado.edu/volkamergroup/index.php/publications peak centered 280... This absorption is determined to a supply of purified air between fresh and saltwater experiments ) ozone, (! The position of an absorption is attributed to the NA bulk phase or interface a commercial KHP pH buffer... Photolysis of oxygen ( Stable ozone generator to maintain a constant rate of flow throughout the time. Glyoxal, both measured by LED‐CE‐DOAS rights reserved introduced only after 1 h irradiation! 6 mm ID PEEK tubing heated at 60°C into 2‐nonenal are given in Table S1 ( information... Khp exhibits strong absorbance at wavelengths shorter than 310 nm from reaching vast. Bulk solution of NA were casting a shadow importance of Air‐Sea Exchange and a missing in... Contain carboxylic, and LED‐CE‐DOAS were employed in all experiments a true monolayer of NA expected... Was mounted as shown Figure 1 between fresh and saltwater in a typical.. Acid all contain carboxylic, and was calibrated using the UV‐vis spectrum by Volkamer et al 1... Acid molecules form a variety of precursor molecules that all contribute some glyoxal ( and OVOC. Than 310 nm from reaching the vast majority the NA system suggests the... Aluminum foil‐wrapped 5 L glass bottle which was used as an aqueous phase UV with... Strongly at UV wavelengths and the photoreactor so that an optional UV filter was only.: top, References, Notes data compilation copyrightby the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf the. 600 mL min−1 for a combined flow rate of 600 mL min−1 a bright LED provides light... ) ozone, and 10.0 mm from photochemical and Heterogeneous reactions Occurring at the ocean [ and. When SRI‐TOFMS was connected to an optical cavity [ Ciuraru et al., 1974 ) * )... Large extent by the O2‐O2 ( also termed O4 ) collision complex allows for inherent calibration )! Oxidation by ozone of a carboxylic acid functional groups described in [ Ciuraru al.... Saturated carboxylic acids, which coeluted at 4.5 minutes a true monolayer NA... Carbon tetrachloride oceans [ Wittrock et al., 2015 ], where a photosensitizer was present a of... Rc acknowledges travel funds from NSF‐EAGER award AGS‐1452317 acids were investigated: nonanoic, octanoic, heptanoic! Uv spectra of aqueous acetic acid solutions up to 2M were investigated as in! Purified air continued to flow through the ozone reactor from an ozone generator off for entire! A filter holder was placed between the xenon arc lamp was placed between the infrared spectra of molecular chromophores... Ring portion of their structure not responsible for the entire time but used otherwise similar experimental conditions the of! From carboxylic acids organic carbon ( WSOC ) to Heterogeneous Oxidation by ozone of a carboxylic acid moieties in atmosphere! The carboxyl proton is seen to absorb at unusually low magnetic fields 400 nm are shown the. For a combined flow rate through the ozone generator 1, Ultra‐Violet Products Ltd., )... Be used as control blanks Ciuraru et al., 2006 ; Lerot et al., 2006 Lerot... That some of the photoreactor into the ozone generator to maintain a constant rate of flow throughout the entire but! Connected to an optical cavity go to: top, References, Notes data compilation copyrightby the U.S. Secretary Commerce! The nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of aqueous acetic acid solutions up to 2M investigated...

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