And so the passage, The Word was made Flesh, seems to me to be equivalent to that in which it is said that He was made sin, 2 Corinthians 5:21 or a curse Galatians 3:13 for us; not that the Lord was transformed into either of these, how could He be? Apollinarius, according to S. Gregory, declares that the Son of God was from all eternity clothed with a human body, and not from the time of His conception only by the Blessed Virgin; but that this humanity of God is without human mind, the place of which was supplied by the Godhead of the Only-begotten. This has now been demonstrated, whether they like it or no, by, to use their own expression, geometrical and necessary proofs. But if anyone who thinks we have spoken rightly on this subject reproaches us with holding communion with heretics, let him prove that we are open to this charge, and we will either convince him or retire. If anyone has put his trust in Him as a Man without a human mind, he is really bereft of mind, and quite unworthy of salvation. St. Gregory of Nazianzus, the Theologian 286 § 69. But you are acting as if, when a man's eye had been injured and his foot had been injured in consequence, you were to attend to the foot and leave the eye uncared for; or as if, when a painter had drawn something badly, you were to alter the picture, but to pass over the artist as if he had succeeded. And my soul is immersed to such a degree by calamities that the private sufferings of my own life hardly seem to be worth reckoning among evils (though they are so numerous and great, that if they befell anyone else I should think them unbearable); but I can only look at the common sufferings of the Churches; for if at the present crisis some pains be not taken to find a remedy for them, things will gradually get into an altogether desperate condition. But we recognize God the Father and the Son and the Holy Ghost, and these not as bare titles, dividing inequalities of ranks or of power, but as there is one and the same title, so there is one nature and one substance in the Godhead. Or, again, they must suppose that our fathers went down into Egypt without bodies and invisible, and that only the Soul of Joseph was imprisoned by Pharaoh, because it is written, They went down into Egypt with threescore and fifteen Souls, and The iron entered into his Soul, a thing which could not be bound. Edited by Philip Schaff and Henry Wace. I desire to learn what is this fashion of innovation in things Concerning the Church, which allows anyone who likes, or the passerby, as the Bible says, to tear asunder the flock that has been well led, and to plunder it by larcenous attacks, or rather by piratical and fallacious teachings. At 41, Gregory was chosen suffragan bishop of … ... is carried through in Hofer’s analysis of Epistle 101 in chapter 6. If it was in order that God, otherwise incomprehensible, might be comprehended, and might converse with men through His Flesh as through a veil, their mask and the drama which they represent is a pretty one, not to say that it was open to Him to converse with us in other ways, as of old, in the burning bush Exodus 3:2 and in the appearance of a man. Thus, in an ordinary human person, there would be these three components. ... is carried through in Hofer’s analysis of Epistle 101 in chapter 6. And so they declare that the Perfect Man is not He who was in all points tempted like as we are yet without sin; Hebrews 4:15 but the mixture of God and Flesh. All rights reserved © 2021 | Trinity In You, God: Who & Why series – Dr Bruce Wauchope, Theology and Anthropology (Mimetic Theory), The Post Reformers up to the 20th Century, THE TRINITY AND CREATIVITY – Marty Folsom, PhD, Intertwined in the Life of the Trinity – Dr. Marty Folsom. 6. Again I write when I ought to come: but I gain confidence to do so… Ep. St. Athanasius 253 § 64. CXL. For God and Man are two natures, as also soul and body are; but there are not two Sons or two Gods. How then could your noble and lofty mind submit to suspend your usual courage in regard to the correction of so great an evil? PG 35: Gregory of Nazianzus PG 36: Gregory of Nazianzus PG 37: Gregory of Nazianzus PG 38: Gregory of Nazianzus, with Caesarius PG 39: Didymus the Blind, Amphilochius Iconiensis, and Nectarius PG 40: Egyptian Fathers: Anthony the Great, Pachomius, Serapion, etc. And he puts forward as a witness to this monstrous assertion a garbled quotation from the Gospels, namely, No man has Ascended up into Heaven save He which came down from Heaven, even the Son of Man which is in Heaven. For Godhead joined to flesh alone is not man, nor to soul alone, nor to both apart from intellect, which is the most essential part of man. But if He has a soul, and yet is without a mind, how is He man, for man is not a mindless animal? If this one aspect of Strauss’ understanding was wrong, then he misunderstands the entirety of the incarnation from the beginning. This, then, is sufficient to say at the present time for the sake of clearness and of being understood by the many. In them he discusses the consubstantiality of the Son and Holy Spirit in relation to God, as well as the fact that no human, despite their level of understanding or knowledge, can fully comprehend the nature of God (Bone). The people of Nazianzus had in some way incurred the loss of civic rights… Ep. The editor of New Advent is Kevin Knight. Moreover, in no other way was it possible for the Love of God toward us to be manifested than by making mention of our flesh, and that for our sake He descended even to our lower part. Gregory Nazianzus Epistle 101. But if anyone when we say and protest this, either from some advantage they will thus gain, or through fear of men, or monstrous littleness of mind, or through some neglect of pastors and governors, or through love of novelty and proneness to innovations, rejects us as unworthy of credit, and attaches himself to such men, and divides the noble body of the Church, he shall bear his judgment, whoever he may be, and shall give account to God in the day of judgment. But you are acting as if, when a man’s eye had been injured and his foot had been injured in consequence, you were to attend to the foot and leave the eye uncared for; or as if, when a painter had drawn something badly, you were to alter the picture, but to pass over the artist as if he had succeeded. If any introduce the notion of Two Sons, one of God the Father, the other of the Mother, and discredits the Unity and Identity, may he lose his part in the adoption promised to those who believe aright. Even hoar hairs have something to learn; and old age, it would seem, cannot in all respects be trusted for wisdom. The representatives of Egyptian Monachism 264 § 65. Let me state the greater results. But since our faith has been proclaimed, both in writing and without writing, here and in distant parts, in times of danger and of safety, how comes it that some make such attempts, and that others keep silence? And not even now, be well assured, should we have written this, if we had not seen that the Church was being torn asunder and divided, among their other tricks, by their present synagogue of vanity. The Two Letters to Cledonius (Letters 101 and 102) translated into English by Lionel Wickham with Introduction and Notes by Lionel Wickham. This I will that thou declare publicly, that we may not be held responsible, as overlooking such an evil, and as though this wicked doctrine received food and strength from our indifference. I at any rate, knowing better than anyone, as I did, the thoughts and the heresy of the Apollinarians, and seeing that their folly was intolerable; yet thinking that I could tame them by patience and soften them by degrees, I let my hopes make me eager to attain this object. For that flesh is less precious than soul, everyone who has a spark of sense will acknowledge. CXXXI. For how shall one thing contain two completenesses, either the house, the sunbeam and the sun, or the earth, the moisture and the river? But since our faith has been proclaimed, both in writing and without writing, here and in distant parts, in times of danger and of safety, how comes it that some make such attempts, and that others keep silence? The occasion of the present letter was the necessity to appeal to the secular power for aid to punish a sect of Apollinarians at Nazianzus, who had ventured to take advantage of S. Gregory's absence at the Baths of Xanxaris to procure the consecration of a Bishop of their own way of thinking. Cristiana Sogno, Bradley K. Storin, and Edward J. Watts (Oakland: University of California Press, 2017) For it is evident that they can only have been so received as assenting to the Orthodox Faith, for this were an impossibility on any other terms. But, he asserts, He could not contain Two perfect Natures. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co.. Revised and edited for New Advent by Kevin Knight. That we must worship, not a God-bearing Flesh, but a Man-bearing God. Do not let the men deceive themselves and others with the assertion that the Man of the Lord, as they call Him, Who is rather our Lord and God, is without human mind. John 1.1-14). But where is there mind of man or angel so perfect in comparison of the Godhead that the presence of the greater must crowd out the other? For to make the Trinity consist of Great, Greater, and Greatest, as of Light, Ray, and Sun, the Spirit and the Son and the Father (as is clearly stated in his writings), is a ladder of Godhead not leading to Heaven, but down from Heaven. If He assumed the worse that He might sanctify it by His incarnation, may He not assume the better that it may be sanctified by His becoming Man? St. Gregory of Nazianzus, (born c. 330, Arianzus, near Nazianzus, in Cappadocia, Asia Minor [now in Turkey]—died c. 389, Arianzus; Eastern feast day January 25 and 30; Western feast day January 2), 4th-century Church Father whose defense of the doctrine of the Trinity (God as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit) made him one of the greatest champions of orthodoxy against Arianism. They ought rather to have first persuaded us, or to have been willing to be persuaded by us (if at least any account is to be taken of us as fearing God, labouring for the faith, and helping the Church), and then, if at all, to innovate; but then perhaps there would be an excuse for their outrageous conduct. Those who follow the heresy of Arius or Eudoxius (I cannot say who stirred them up to this folly) are making a display of their disease, as if they had attained some degree of confidence by collecting congregations as if by permission. But if it is mere words, and an invention of their own, devised for the sake of appearances and to give them weight with the multitude through the credit of the persons, teach them to hold their tongues, and confute them; for we believe that such a task is well suited to your manner of life and orthodoxy. Gregory of Nazianzus. However, you being, as you are, thoroughly instructed by the grace of God in the Divine Mysteries on all points, are well informed, not only as to the advocacy of the true faith, but also as to all those arguments which have been devised by the heretics against the sound faith; and yet perhaps it will not be unseasonable that your Excellency should hear from my littleness that a pamphlet by Apollinarius has come into my hands, the contents of which surpass all heretical pravity. Moreover, in no other way was it possible for the Love of God toward us to be manifested than by making mention of our flesh, and that for our sake He descended even to our lower part. But we recognize God the Father and the Son and the Holy Ghost, and these not as bare titles, dividing inequalities of ranks or of power, but as there is one and the same title, so there is one nature and one substance in the Godhead. Saint Gregory left Constantinople in June 381, and this Oration probably dates soon after his return to Nazianzus, probably delivered on the anniversary of Saint Basil's death. My summation of Gregory of Nazianzus’ attack on Apollinarianism: “[W]e do not sever the man from the Godhead, but we lay down as a dogma the unity and identity [of person]…,” the eternal God assuming manhood for our salvation. ... No. (Click here for Greek Text). #Christian #Father #Son “God thought and things came to be, in-formed: the divine thought is the complicated womb of all that is. How does this touch me? Gregory of Nazianzus 9 May d. 390 Bishop and Theologian f Studied at Athens with Basil and Julian f Friend but not relative of other Cappadocians f Brilliant rhetorician and orator; difficult, reclusive personality f Bishop of Sasima, then [Nicene] Bp. :”(“To Cledonius Against Apollinaris” [Epistle 101], in Christology of the Later Fathers, ed. Gregory of Nazianzus Letter 101 to Cledonius §1 - §16. And I write it, not with any desire to compose a treatise, but only to check the progress of deceit; and if it is thought well, I will give a fuller account of these matters at greater length. But what is my theory, who am but an ignorant man, and no Philosopher. If anyone does not believe that Holy Mary is the Mother of God, he is severed from the Godhead. Storin deems three intertwined aspects—or ‘colors’—of self-presentation especially important to Gregory: eloquence, philosophy, and his friendship with the late Basil of Caesarea (p. 26). Mind is mingled with mind, as nearer and more closely related, and through it with flesh, being a Mediator between God and carnality. Greek text from Migne PG, Vol. The circumstances which called forth the two letters to Cledonius have already been described in the first section of the General Prolegomena, and it will not be necessary here to add much to what was there said. Eusebius of Caesarea 245 § 63. And I write it, not with any desire to compose a treatise, but only to check the progress of deceit; and if it is thought well, I will give a fuller account of these matters at greater length. This is, I think, the reason why Damasus himself, having been subsequently better informed, and at the same time learning that they hold by their former explanations, excommunicated them and overturned their written confession of faith with an Anathema; as well as because he was vexed at the deceit which he had suffered from them through simplicity. While Gregory was at Xantharis an opportunity presented itself for seeing Olympius… Ep. . Do not let the men deceive themselves and others with the assertion that the Man of the Lord, as they call Him, Who is rather our Lord and God, is without human mind. Christ in the Life and Teaching of Gregory of Nazianzus. As a classically trained orator and philosopher he infused Hellenism into the early church, establishing the paradigm of Byzantine theologiansand church officials. For many sounds are comprehended by one ear; and the eyes of many are occupied by the same visible objects, and the smell by odours; nor are the senses narrowed by each other, or crowded out, nor the objects of sense diminished by the multitude of the perceptions. 1 A clever hit of Gregory's, the sharpest in the whole invective. Let them not, then, begrudge us our complete salvation, or clothe the Saviour only with bones and nerves and the portraiture of humanity. , I went back to the Greek text and began to revise Browne and On the words Incarnate, and Made Man. As Gregory of Nazianzus stated, “That which is not assumed is not healed.” 2 If Christ was not human in the same way we are human, then we remain in bondage to our sins. It focus primarily on the homilies of Gregory of Nazianzus which existed simultaneously in two textual traditions, but also on other works related to his writings, i.e. In the letter to Nectarius, his own successor on the throne of Constantinople, written about a.d. 383, and sometimes reckoned as Orat. of Constan- tinople, then of Nazianzus f Wrote Theological Orations, letters and poems f “The Theologian,” teacher for Jerome For if the faith began thirty years ago, when nearly four hundred years had passed since Christ was manifested, vain all that time will have been our Gospel, and vain our faith; in vain will the Martyrs have borne their witness, and in vain have so many and so great Prelates presided over the people; and Grace is a matter of metres and not of the faith. (To help fight spam, this address might change occasionally.) Read " Christ in the Life and Teaching of Gregory of Nazianzus. In Oration 31, Gregory of Nazianzus had commented on the unconventional grammar of 1 John 5:6-8 in manuscripts without the Comma (as explained above [LINK]). For such is the nature of intellectual Existences, that they can mingle with one another and with bodies, incorporeally and invisibly. Preview. On the Theotokos, cf. If, however, those who hold the views of Apollinarius have either now or formerly been received, let them prove it and we will be content. "The Letter Collection of Gregory of Nazianzus," in Late Antique Letter Collections: A Critical Introduction and Reference Guide, ed. If any should say that it wrought in Him by grace as in a Prophet, but was not and is not united with Him in Essence— let him be empty of the Higher Energy, or rather full of the opposite. CXLI. Keep then the whole man, and mingle Godhead therewith, that you may benefit me in my completeness. But if they, overwhelmed by these arguments, take refuge in the proposition that it is possible for God to save man even apart from mind, why, I suppose that it would be possible for Him to do so also apart from flesh by a mere act of will, just as He works all other things, and has wrought them without body. But, it may be said, our mind is subject to condemnation. For it is not laid by in the sun, according to the babble of the Manichæans, that it should be honoured by a dishonour; nor was it poured forth into the air and dissolved, as is the nature of a voice or the flow of an odour, or the course of a lightning flash that never stands. Epistle 101 (part of). It offers new insights in many areas and a major reinterpretation of the famous Theological Orations and Christological epistles (Ep. Gregory of Nazianzus, Epistle 101.4–6, ed. From Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, Vol. Against Christopher Beeley ( Gregory of Nazianzus on the Trinity and the Knowledge of God [New York: Oxford University Press, 2008], pp. Gregory of Nazianzus: Rhetor and Philosopher | Rosemary Radford Ruether | download | Z-Library. You must therefore either set aside the latter on account of sin, or admit the former on account of salvation. But since, puffed up by their theory of the Trinity, they falsely accuse us of being unsound in the Faith and entice the multitude, it is necessary that people should know that Apollinarius, while granting the Name of Godhead to the Holy Ghost, did not preserve the Power of the Godhead. If, however, they rely on the passage, The Word was made Flesh and dwelt among us, and because of this erase the noblest part of Man (as cobblers do the thicker part of skins) that they may join together God and Flesh, it is time for them to say that God is God only of flesh, and not of souls, because it is written, As You have given Him power over all Flesh, and Unto You shall all Flesh come; and Let all Flesh bless His holy Name, meaning every Man. Andrew Hofer examines the breadth of Gregory's corpus—orations, letters, and poems (often neglected in doctrinal studies)—to argue that Gregory's writing on Christ can be best understood in tandem with his autobiography. Olympius, to whom the last of this series is addressed, was Governor of Cappadocia Secunda in a.d. 382. Ep. They proclaim to us today a wisdom hidden ever since the time of Christ — a thing worthy of our tears. God forbid! Gregory has confessed that the whole army conformed without difficulty to Julian's change of the state religion. Since then these expressions, rightly understood, make for orthodoxy, but wrongly interpreted are heretical, what is there to be surprised at if we received the words of Vitalius in the more orthodox sense; our desire that they should be so meant persuading us, though others are angry at the intention of his writings? For we do not sever the Man from the Godhead, but we lay down as a dogma the Unity and Identity of Person, Who of old was not Man but God, and the Only Son before all ages, unmingled with body or anything corporeal; but Who in these last days has assumed Manhood also for our salvation; passible in His Flesh, impassible in His Godhead; circumscript in the body, uncircumscript in the Spirit; at once earthly and heavenly, tangible and intangible, comprehensible and incomprehensible; that by One and the Same Person, Who was perfect Man and also God, the entire humanity fallen through sin might be created anew. Since, then, they have been openly convicted of this, let them not be angry, but let them be ashamed of themselves; and let them not slander us, but abase themselves and wipe off from their portals that great and marvellous proclamation and boast of their orthodoxy, meeting all who go in at once with the question and distinction that we must worship, not a God-bearing Man, but a flesh-bearing God. For what need is there even to mention to those who know it, the fact that everywhere in Scripture he is called Man, and the Son of Man? Here is matter for inquiry; for indeed the question is worthy of much consideration. But because by taking them upon Him He took away our sins and bore our iniquities. But if their long books, and their new Psalters, contrary to that of David, and the grace of their metres, are taken for a third Testament, we too will compose Psalms, and will write much in metre. O monstrous absurdity! So Gregory is one who not only knew about God but also […] They play the same trick with the word that describes the Incarnation, viz. For if one were to change the word Man or Flesh into God (the first would please us, the second them), and then were to use this wonderful antithesis, so divinely recognized, what conclusion should we arrive at? They who argue thus do not know that such expressions are used by Synecdoche, declaring the whole by the part, as when Scripture says that the young ravens call upon God, to indicate the whole feathered race; or Pleiades, Hesperus, and Arcturus are mentioned, instead of all the Stars and His Providence over them. Forasmuch as many persons have come to your Reverence seeking confirmation of their faith, and therefore you have affectionately asked me to put forth a brief definition and rule of my opinion, I therefore write to your Reverence, what indeed you knew before, that I never have and never can honour anything above the Nicene Faith, that of the Holy Fathers who met there to destroy the Arian heresy; but am, and by God's help ever will be, of that faith; completing in detail that which was incompletely said by them concerning the Holy Ghost; for that question had not then been mooted, namely, that we are to believe that the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost are of one Godhead, thus confessing the Spirit also to be God. In this book, Gabrielle Thomas offers a close analysis of his writings and demonstrates how Nazianzen depicts both the nature and experience of … Revised and edited for New Advent by Kevin Knight. But it is not safe to make any innovation before judgment is given, especially in a matter of such importance, and connected with so great issues. crestwood, new york 10707 . Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications … For the words, The Second Man is the Lord from Heaven; and, As is the Heavenly, such are they that are Heavenly; and, No man has ascended up into Heaven save He which came down from Heaven, even the Son of Man which is in Heaven; and the like, are to be understood as said on account of the Union with the heavenly; just as that All Things were made by Christ, and that Christ dwells in your hearts is said, not of the visible nature which belongs to God, but of what is perceived by the mind, the names being mingled like the natures, and flowing into one another, according to the law of their intimate union. Gregory of Nazianzus (Greek: Γρηγόριος ὁ Ναζιανζηνός Grēgorios ho Nazianzēnos; c. 329–25 January 390), also known as Gregory the Theologian or Gregory Nazianzen, was a 4th-century Archbishop of Constantinople, and theologian. You must therefore either set aside the latter on account of sin, or admit the former on account of salvation. Or, if you like, an Angel compared with God, or a man with an Angel. And they can surely prove it, either by the minutes of the Synod, or by Letters of Communion, for this is the regular custom of Synods. If any assert that He was made perfect by works, or that after His Baptism, or after His Resurrection from the dead, He was counted worthy of an adoptive Sonship, like those whom the Greeks interpolate as added to the ranks of the gods, let him be anathema. Among theologians, Gregory, greeting in the Lord the comparative analysis of the human intellect among the.. 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